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Genome-wide DNA sequencing was used to decrypt the phylogeny of multiple samples from distinct areas of cancer and morphologically normal tissue taken from the prostates of three men. Mutations were present at high levels in morphologically normal tissue distant from the cancer, reflecting clonal expansions, and the underlying mutational processes at work in morphologically normal tissue were also at work in cancer. Our observations demonstrate the existence of ongoing abnormal mutational processes, consistent with field effects, underlying carcinogenesis. This mechanism gives rise to extensive branching evolution and cancer clone mixing, as exemplified by the coexistence of multiple cancer lineages harboring distinct ERG fusions within a single cancer nodule. Subsets of mutations were shared either by morphologically normal and malignant tissues or between different ERG lineages, indicating earlier or separate clonal cell expansions. Our observations inform on the origin of multifocal disease and have implications for prostate cancer therapy in individual cases.

Original publication

DOI

10.1038/ng.3221

Type

Journal article

Journal

Nat Genet

Publication Date

04/2015

Volume

47

Pages

367 - 372

Keywords

Case-Control Studies, Cell Lineage, Clonal Evolution, Clone Cells, DNA Mutational Analysis, Humans, Male, Mutation, Neoplasms, Multiple Primary, Phylogeny, Prostate, Prostatic Neoplasms