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Indinavir (IDV) is a protease inhibitor that successfully suppresses HIV-1 replication as part of anti-retroviral therapy. There is evidence to suggest that IDV may also act non-specifically upon host proteases. In this study we investigated whether IDV could modulate protease-dependent molecules involved in dendritic cell (DC) migration - a pivotal process in immunoregulation. Human monocyte-derived DC were exposed to IDV (IDV-DC) and transendothelial migration (TEM) to inflammatory chemokines was determined. TEM of IDV-DC was significantly impaired compared to non-treated DC (p<0.01). Phenotypic analysis revealed that IDV-DC had reduced DC-SIGN expression, correlating with reduced adhesion to immobilized ICAM-2. Nevertheless, the reduction in migration following exposure to IDV could not be fully attributable to DC-SIGN interactions alone. Investigation of IDV-DC interactions with the underlying matrix protein, fibronectin, demonstrated that IDV significantly impaired DC binding to immobilized fibronectin (p<0.01). IDV appeared to act upon VLA-4 and VLA-5 since addition of antagonist monoclonal antibodies (mAb) similarly reduced adhesion of non-treated DC to fibronectin. Combined blockade of DC using anti-VLA-4, VLA-5 and anti-DC-SIGN mAb inhibited TEM to a similar extent as IDV. Our results strongly suggest that IDV inhibits host proteases necessary for DC migration and may, therefore, affect DC immunoregulation in HIV-1-infected patients.

Original publication

DOI

10.1002/eji.200323646

Type

Journal article

Journal

Eur J Immunol

Publication Date

09/2003

Volume

33

Pages

2520 - 2530

Keywords

Antigens, CD, Cell Adhesion Molecules, Cell Movement, Dendritic Cells, Endothelium, HIV Infections, HIV Protease Inhibitors, HIV-1, Humans, Immunoglobulins, Indinavir, Integrin alpha4beta1, Integrin alpha5beta1, Lectins, C-Type, Membrane Glycoproteins, Receptors, Cell Surface