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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the density of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes in a transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) biopsy of the prostate can be used to predict the progression of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS: In total, 100 patients were randomly selected from a pool of patients with histologically proven, benign TRUS biopsy specimens. There were seven full years of follow-up available. Clinical data were recorded, including prostate volume, International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), prostate-specific antigen, urine flow rate, postvoid residual urine volume and previous prostate surgery. Markers of disease progression included the subsequent development of acute urinary retention (AUR), ≥4 point rise in IPSS, prescription of medical therapy (α-blocker or 5-α-reductase inhibitor) and bladder outlet surgery. Four patients' specimens were unsuitable for analysis. Biopsy sections from 96 patients were immunohistochemically stained for the presence of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and the density of infiltrate was assessed using random field sampling and point counting. RESULTS: Some 29% of patients (28/96) did not have BPH at the time of biopsy. Of all patients, 41% (39/96) progressed, 10% of whom (4/39) did not have BPH at the time of biopsy. A further 10% (10/96) developed AUR, 7% (7/96) had a ≥4 point rise in IPSS, 33% (32/96) required medical therapy for BPH and 11% (11/96) required bladder outlet surgery. There was low correlation between CD4(+) and CD8(+) densities in paired sections. CD4(+) and CD8(+) densities did not provide any significant predictive function in the progression of BPH, nor was their any predictive association noted between CD4(+) and CD8(+) scores and the development of prostate cancer. Sub-analysis did show that a threshold mean of ≥1.35 CD8(+) cells per field predicted progression to AUR with a sensitivity of 60% (95% confidence interval, CI, 26.2-87.8), specificity of 73.3% (95% CI 62.6-82.2) but a positive predictive value of 20.6% (95% CI 8.0-39.7). CD4(+) infiltrate density suggested a trend to general progression but without statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The present study, despite certain trends, shows no evidence for an association between CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and the progression of LUTS in BPH.

Original publication

DOI

10.1111/j.1464-410X.2010.09787.x

Type

Journal article

Journal

BJU Int

Publication Date

07/2011

Volume

108

Pages

E43 - E50

Keywords

Aged, Aged, 80 and over, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Disease Progression, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Predictive Value of Tests, Prognosis, Prospective Studies, Prostatic Hyperplasia, Urination Disorders