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This case-based discussion describes a 65-year-old man newly diagnosed with International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade 2 prostate cancer (PCa). According to the European Association of Urology classification system, the patient harbors an intermediate-risk cancer. In step-by step discussion, we elaborate guideline-based treatment modalities for intermediate-risk PCa focused on debating active surveillance versus active treatment. Thereby, we discuss the importance of patient characteristics, including age, hereditary factors, life expectancy and comorbidity status, findings of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, as well as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) density and PSA kinetics, in predicting the clinical course of the disease. In addition, we focus on cribriform pathology as a predictor of adverse outcomes and critically discuss its relevance in patient management. Lastly, we outline genomic stratification in ISUP 2 cancer as a future tool to predict PCa aggressiveness. PATIENT SUMMARY: Based on current guidelines, patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer are treated actively or can alternatively undergo an active surveillance approach when favorable risk factors are present. One major issue is to discriminate between patients who benefit from an active therapy approach and those who benefit from a deferred treatment. Therefore, reliable biomarkers and early predictors of disease progression are needed urgently.

Original publication

DOI

10.1016/j.euo.2021.07.004

Type

Journal article

Journal

Eur Urol Oncol

Publication Date

02/2023

Volume

6

Pages

103 - 109

Keywords

Active surveillance, Active treatment, Cribriform pathology, Intermediate risk prostate cancer, International Society of Urological Pathology grade 2, Multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, Prognostic biomarkers, Prostate-specific antigen density, Prostate-specific antigen kinetics, Male, Humans, Prostate-Specific Antigen, Prostatic Neoplasms, Prostate, Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Risk Factors